he said not to worry too much on taking notes because slides are available
- misinformation: unintentional ignorance and false information
- disinformation: false information disseminated intentionally and purposefully
- health: a state of being; includes physical, emotional, sociial, mental, and environmental
- wellness/illness: the state of living a health lifestyle; a continuous measure encompassing the different dimensions of health
- health disparity: the preventable difference in the burden of disease/injury/violence/opp. to acheive health experienced by different populations
- ADL: activities of daily living
no notes; all discussion
1900s:
- health was associated with a person's interaction with the social/physical environment
- public health/ecological model
1960-1970: comprehenive public health model adds physical, social, mental, environmental, spiritual, emotional, and intellectual dimensions
today quality of life is considered just as important as years of life
sex: a biological construct referring to either of the two main categories(male/female) into which humans are divided by reproductive functions
gender: the socially constructed characteristics of men and women, such as norms, roles, and relationships
identity: set of physical, psychological, and interpersonal charactistics not wholly shared with any person
social identity: a peerson's sense of who they are based on their group membership(s) or afilliations(s) also called affinity groups
patriarchy: a social system in which men hold primary power and predominate roles in leadership and social privilege
mood disorder: mental health problem that primarily affects a person's emotional state characterized by the distortion of a person's mood
anxiety: a mood disorder defined by excessive feelings of worry or persistent, even intrusive, thoughts about certain fears or fear in general
depression: a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness, disengagement, and a general loss of interest
bipolar disorder: a mood disorder makred by alternating periods of depression and elation/mania
neurotransmitters can be excitatory or inhibitory
dopamine is the neurochemical responsible for reward, satisfaction, and motivation
serotonin is the key hormone that stabilizes our mood, feelings of well-being, and happiness
serotonin can undergo chronic depletion from a number of environmental factors including age, malnutrition, chronic stress, and lack of exposure to natural light
serotonin is the most exstensively studied neurotransmitter in depression
gaba(gamma-aminobutryic acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter
norepinephrine(noradrenaline) plays an essential role in the regulation of arousal, attention, cognitive function, and stress reactions
noradrenaline works with adrenaline to increase heart rate and blood pumping from the heart
dopaminergic pathways:
nigrostitial pathway(brain stem): controls basic functions like heart rate, alertness, balance, and breathing
mesocortical pathway(cerebral cortex): controls memory, planning, motivation, and attention
mesolimbic pathway: pleasure, reward-based learning
major depressive disorder is greater than 2 weeks
persistent depressive disorder is greater than 2 years
anxiety: a mood disorder defined by excessive feelings of worry or persistent, even intrusive, thoughts about certain fears or fear in general
- depressed serotonin, dopamine, and gaba
- elevatred noradrenaline
dependence: defined by the presence of withdrawal symptoms when someone stops using a drug
addiction: the compulsive use of drugs that occurs despite negative consequences
tolerance: a reduction in an individual's sensitivity to a particular substance that occurs because of repeated use
4 categories of abused drugs:
stimulants: stimulate/mimic the release or reuptake of a neurotransmitter; speeds up communication between brain + nervous system(cocaine mimics dopamine)
narcotics: inhibt release or reuptake and slow down communication between brain + nervous system(herion mimics natural opiods[endorphins] + binds to its receptor)
hallucinogens: acts on neural circuits using serotonin producing perception-altering effects(psilocybin, lsd, peyote)
depressants: inhibits neurotransmitters and slows down brain-nervous communication; barbituaates block gaba antagonists; alc stimulates gaba release
alcohol phys. effects: depressed breathing, nausea, unsteady movement, liver damage, vitamin deficiences
alcohol psych effects: reduced inhibitions, behavior outside of norms, blackouts can cause memory loss
nicotine:
- mirrors the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
- initiates the release of dopamine
- increased dopamine levels from nicotine causes the brain to limit natural dopamine production
nicotine phys. effects: reduced smell and taste, reduced stamina, accelerated skin aging, discolored teeth
nicotine psych. effects: greater risk of anxiiety disorders, panic attacks, or depression
cannabis:
- two cannabinoids: cbd and thc
- cannabidiol(cbd): non-psychotropic, non-addictive, analgesic, and anticonvulsive properties
- tetrahydrocannabinol(thc): psychotropic; similar to the endocannabinoid anandamide(memory, appetite, sleep, pain relief); stimulates dopamine release
- thc phys. effects: increased heart reate, dry mouth, dilated eye blood vessels; poor coordination; increased appetite
- thc psych. effects: increased risk of anxiety + mood disorders; short term memory loss; possible paranoia or hallucinations; mood swings
the psychotropic effects of thc are dose-dependent: thc at low concentrations is anxiolytic while at high concentrations is anxiogenic
withdrawal symptoms: irritability, sleep disorders, weight loss
hallucinogen phys. effects: state of excitement or euphoria; increased pulse rates; insomnia
hallucinogen psych. effects: distorted perceptions can lead to panic or risk taking behavior; can create a trance-like or catatonic state
methamphetamine: structurally similar to amphetamines; longer and more intense; highly addictive; releases high levels of dopamine
methamphetamine phys effects: increased wakefulness, energy, insomnia; increased heart and breathing rate; decreased appetite; dental problems
- fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opiod which used to be prescribed as a slow release patch for long-term pain
opiate phys. effects: drowsiness, lethargy, slowed breathing, relaxed state, constricted pupils, euphoria
opiate psych. effects: depression with the "crash", extreme/desparate behavior to get more, dependency is difficult to treat, risk of overdose/death
- anabolic steroids are synthetic hormones mirroring the male hormone testosterone; affects natural hormonal balance; can cause permanent damage or death
steroid phys. effects: shrunken testes, low sperm count, breast growth/shrinking, weak immune system, hair growth(f) or hair loss(m), liver tumors, heart problems, stroke
steroid psych. effects: irritability, possible rage, euphroia, can cause mania, depression, and delusions, emotional extremism
- inhalants(various chemicals) - some dissipate quickly, some are absorbed by the brain, some are absorbed by myelin(fatty tissue protecting nerve fibers)
inhalant phys. effects: oxygen to brain can be cut off; heaart, kidney, and liver damage, anemia